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- RFC 781 Zaw-Sing Su
- SRI
- May 1981
-
-
- A SPECIFICATION OF THE INTERNET PROTOCOL (IP) TIMESTAMP OPTION
-
-
-
-
-
- I. INTRODUCTION
-
- Packet switching is store-and-forward by nature. Network delay is a
- therefore a critical performance measure for packet-switching communications.
- A catenet is a system of packet-switched communication networks interconnected
- via gateways [Cerf 78]. The catenet "link" delays are thus variable. Their
- measurement, the measurement of delays across member networks of a catenet,
- becomes important for catenet investigations.
-
- An effective way to measure catenet delays is by means of packet header
- timestamping. Header timestamping allows monitoring of catenet delays for
- user traffic, such as the case of Ft. Bragg users accessing ISID across the
- catenet. Packet header timestamping is also compatible with the use of test
- packets for catenet delay measurement. Another advantage of header
- timestamping is that since it is an IP option, the gateway imposes little
- difference in the treatment of such a packet. In this note, a specification
- of the timestamp option format for IP is presented.
-
- Measurement of one-way delay, either end-to-end or across an individual
- network, requires that device clocks be synchronized, using such facilities as
- WWVB clocks [Mills 81]. This specification assumes this capability in the
- gateways and involved network hosts.
-
-
- II. FORMAT SPECIFICATION
-
- As an IP option, the contents of the first two octets are dictated by the
- IP header format to be option type and option length in octets [Postel 80].
- The next two octets are used to control this option.
-
-
- 0 7 15 23 31
- +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
- | type | length | offset |overflw| flags |
- +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
- | internet ID |
- +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
- | time stamp |
- +---------------+---------------+---------------+---------------+
- .
- .
- .
-
-
-
-
- option type = 68 decimal (i.e., option class = 2 and option number = 4);
-
- option length = the number of octets with a maximum of 40 (limited by
- IHL = 15);
-
- offset = the number of octets from the beginning of this option to the
- end of timestamps (i.e., the beginning of space for next
- timestamp). It is set to one, an odd number, when no more
- space remains in the header for timestamps;
-
- overflow = the number of IP modules that cannot register timestamps due
- to lack of space;
-
- flag = 0 -- time stamps only
- 1 -- each timestamp is preceded with internet ID of the
- registering entity
- 3 -- the internet ID fields are prespecified. An IP module only
- registers its timestamp if it matches its own ID with the
- next specified internet ID;
-
- internet ID = ID for the timestamping device;
-
- timestamp = a right-justified, 32-bit timestamp in milliseconds modulo
- 24 hours from midnight UT.
-
- The timestamp option is not copied upon fragmentation. It is carried in
- the first fragment.
-
-
- REFERENCES
-
- [Cerf 78] Cerf, V., "The Catenet Model for Internetworking," Defense
- Advanced Research Projects Agency, Information Processing
- Techniques Office, IEN 48, July 1978.
-
- [Mills 81] Mills, D.L., "DCNET Internet Clock Service," RFC 778, COMSAT
- Laboratories, April 1981.
-
- [Postel 80] Postel, J. (ed.), "DoD Standard Transport Internet Protocol,"
- Defense Advanced Reseach Projects Agency, Information Processing
- Techniques Office, RFC 760, IEN 128, January 1980.
-